Growing scientific evidence continues to highlight the important role of the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) in the development of multiple sclerosis (MS). A recent article published by De Morgen explores new findings that help clarify how this common virus may contribute to the onset of the chronic autoimmune disease.
Multiple sclerosis affects the brain, spinal cord and optic nerves, damaging both nerve cells and the protective myelin sheath surrounding them. Symptoms can vary widely and include fatigue, balance issues, muscle weakness and cognitive difficulties. In Belgium alone, an estimated 12,000 to 14,000 people live with MS.
Researchers have long suspected a connection between EBV and MS. A landmark 2022 study already demonstrated that individuals infected with EBV had a significantly increased risk of developing MS. New research now provides further insight into the biological mechanisms behind this association.
According to Prof. Niels Hellings (Hasselt University), who contributed to the article, the key question is not whether people carry the virus — as EBV infects the vast majority of adults worldwide — but why only a small proportion develops MS.
Understanding this link is key to unlocking better strategies for treatment and potentially even prevention, says Prof. Niels Hellings.
The new findings suggest that in some individuals, the immune response against EBV may become dysregulated, causing immune cells to mistakenly attack the body’s own nervous system. Researchers also identified genetic variations associated both with higher viral presence and increased susceptibility to MS, reinforcing the idea that genetics, immune regulation and environmental factors all play a role.
The research further highlights the complexity of developing therapies targeting EBV. While vaccines and antiviral approaches are being explored, scientists caution that manipulating the immune response could also carry risks if not carefully controlled.
As research progresses, these discoveries contribute to a deeper understanding of autoimmune diseases and underline the importance of continued interdisciplinary collaboration in immunology and neuroscience.
Full article (in Dutch for De Morgen subscribers): De Morgen article
